In the midst of World War II, Hungary developed an unguided anti-tank rocket system known as the 44M "Buzogányvető" or the "Macethrower." This unique weapon was designed to counter the heavily armored Soviet tanks that posed a significant threat during the conflict. In this article, we explore the origins, features, and impact of this Hungarian innovation.
As the Eastern Front of World War II raged on, Hungary found itself in need of an effective means to combat the formidable Soviet Armor. In 1942, the Hungarian Institute of Military Science (HTI) initiated the development of an easy-to-produce anti-tank weapon. While Germany was working on a wire-guided missile, they were unwilling to share the technology, prompting Hungary to create its own solution.
The 44M Buzogányvető rocket system was designed as a two-fold anti-tank and anti-personnel weapon. It consisted of a launcher capable of holding two rockets, with the gunner positioned on the weapon's left side. A tripod mount was developed for ground use, but it was often replaced by captured Soviet wheel mounts from PM M1910 or SG-43 Goryunov machine guns due to maneuverability issues. Additionally, this rocket system was adaptable and could be mounted on the 38M Botond all-terrain truck and the rear of the Toldi II light tank.
Diverse Warheads for Varied Targets:
The 44M Buzogányvető system featured two types of warheads, each tailored for specific purposes:
High-Explosive Anti-Tank Warhead (HEAT): Known as 'Buzogány' (mace), this warhead packed a formidable punch. It contained 4.2 kg (9.3 lb) of explosives and featured a shaped charge capable of penetrating up to 300 mm (12 in) of armor or concrete. This devastating projectile had the capacity to take down any tank of World War II, including heavily armored heavy tanks, from a maximum distance of 1,200 m (1,300 yd).
High Explosive (HE) Warhead: Referred to as 'Zápor' (rainfall or shower), the HE warhead was intended for anti-personnel use. While not designed for tank destruction, it was effective in dispersing infantry formations, making the 44M Buzogányvető system versatile in its applications. Both types of rockets were spin-stabilized.
The 44M Buzogányvető played a crucial role in the defense of Budapest during the harsh winter of 1944/1945. Of the 600-700 twin rocket launchers produced, the majority were employed to protect Hungary's capital city from Soviet advances. This formidable weapon contributed to the defense effort and highlighted Hungary's resourcefulness in the face of evolving warfare.
The 44M "Buzogányvető," or "Macethrower," stands as a testament to Hungary's determination to develop its own anti-tank technology during World War II. Despite the challenges and constraints of the time, this rocket system demonstrated its effectiveness in countering Soviet armour and bolstering the defence of Budapest. The 44M Buzogányvető remains a lesser-known but noteworthy chapter in the history of World War II weaponry.